Hollow fiber membranes have emerged/are gaining traction/present a novel as an essential component in numerous industrial processes. Their unique structure, characterized by a continuous fiber/tubular/walled configuration with a porous membrane layer, allows for/facilitates/enables efficient sepa

Hollow fiber membranes stand out as a versatile and effective technology for water treatment applications. These microscopic fibers offer a large surface area for filtration, enabling the removal of various contaminants from water sources . The unique arrangement of hollow fiber membranes facilit

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors present a versatile platform for biochemical processes. Their design consists of an array of hollow fibers, serving as separation layers. Fine-tuning the arrangement and material properties of these fibers is essential for achieving efficient product yield. Key

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) utilizing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have emerged as a promising technology for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency in removing both organic and inorganic pollutants. This article presents a thorough performance evaluation of PVDF membrane b